Mukuganiza momwe mungasankhire ndodo zoyenera zowotcherera zogwirira ntchito?
Pezani mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza stick electrode.
Kaya ndinu katswiri wodzipangira nokha amene mumalumikiza ma welds kangapo pachaka kapena katswiri wolumikiza ma welds amene mumalumikiza tsiku lililonse, chinthu chimodzi n'chotsimikizika: Kulumikiza ma stick weld kumafuna luso lalikulu. Kumafunanso chidziwitso cha ma electrode a stick (omwe amatchedwanso kuti welding rods).
Popeza zinthu monga njira zosungira, kukula kwa ma electrode ndi kapangidwe kake ka flux zimathandiza kusankha ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ndodo ya ndodo, kudzipatsa chidziwitso choyambira kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa chisokonezo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera ndodo kukuyenda bwino.
1. Kodi ma electrode odulira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ati?
Pali ma electrode mazana ambiri, ngati si zikwizikwi, koma otchuka kwambiri ndi American Welding Society (AWS) A5.1 Specification ya Carbon Steel Electrodes ya Shielded Metal Arc Welding. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma electrode a E6010, E6011, E6012, E6013, E7014, E7024 ndi E7018.
2. Kodi magulu a ma electrode a ndodo a AWS amatanthauza chiyani?
Pofuna kuzindikira ma electrode odulira, AWS imagwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika yodulira. Magulu amatenga mawonekedwe a manambala ndi zilembo zosindikizidwa m'mbali mwa ma electrode odulira, ndipo chilichonse chimayimira makhalidwe enieni a electrode.
Pa ma electrode achitsulo chopepuka omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, umu ndi momwe dongosolo la AWS limagwirira ntchito:
● Chilembo cha “E” chimasonyeza electrode.
● Manambala awiri oyamba akuyimira mphamvu yocheperako ya weld yomwe yatuluka, yoyezedwa mu mapaundi pa inchi imodzi (psi). Mwachitsanzo, nambala 70 mu electrode ya E7018 imasonyeza kuti electrodeyo ipanga mkanda wothira womwe uli ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 70,000 psi.
● Manambala achitatu akuyimira malo olumikizirana omwe electrode ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, 1 ikutanthauza kuti electrode ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo onse ndipo 2 ikutanthauza kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma weld athyathyathya ndi opingasa okha.
● Manambala achinayi akuyimira mtundu wa chophimba ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yowotcherera (AC, DC kapena zonse ziwiri) zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi electrode.
3. Kodi kusiyana pakati pa ma electrode a E6010, E6011, E6012 ndi E6013 ndi kotani ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
● Ma electrode a E6010 angagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha ndi magwero amagetsi olunjika (DC). Amapereka kulowa mozama komanso kuthekera kokumba dzimbiri, mafuta, utoto ndi dothi. Ogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi ambiri odziwa bwino ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrode awa omwe ali pamalo onse polumikiza mizu pa chitoliro. Komabe, ma electrode a E6010 ali ndi arc yolimba kwambiri, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kwa ogwiritsira ntchito atsopano.
● Ma electrode a E6011 angagwiritsidwenso ntchito powotcherera malo onse pogwiritsa ntchito gwero lamagetsi lolowetsera la alternating current (AC). Monga ma electrode a E6010, ma electrode a E6011 amapanga arc yozama, yolowera yomwe imadula zitsulo zovunda kapena zosayera. Owotcherera ambiri amasankha ma electrode a E6011 kuti akonze ndi kukonza ngati gwero lamagetsi la DC silikupezeka.
● Ma electrode a E6012 amagwira ntchito bwino pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuti pakhale mpata pakati pa malo awiri olumikizirana. Akatswiri ambiri odulira zitsulo amasankhanso ma electrode a E6012 kuti agwiritse ntchito ma fillet welds othamanga kwambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri pamalo opingasa, koma ma electrode amenewa nthawi zambiri amapanga mawonekedwe osaya kwambiri komanso slag yolimba yomwe ingafunike kutsukidwa pambuyo pa weld.
● Ma electrode a E6013 amapanga arc yofewa yokhala ndi kudontha kochepa, amapereka kulowa pang'ono komanso amakhala ndi slag yosavuta kuchotsa. Ma electrode awa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kulumikiza chitsulo chatsopano choyera komanso choyera.
4. Kodi kusiyana pakati pa ma electrode a E7014, E7018 ndi E7024 ndi kotani ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
● Ma electrode a E7014 amapanga malo olumikizirana ofanana ndi ma electrode a E6012 ndipo amapangidwira kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zitsulo za kaboni ndi zitsulo zopanda aloyi. Ma electrode a E7014 ali ndi ufa wambiri wachitsulo, womwe umawonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma deposition. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa ma amperage apamwamba kuposa ma electrode a E6012.
● Ma electrode a E7018 ali ndi madzi okhuthala okhala ndi ufa wambiri ndipo ndi amodzi mwa ma electrode osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Ma electrode awa amapanga arc yosalala, yodekha yokhala ndi kufalikira kochepa komanso kulowa kwa arc yapakati. Ogwiritsa ntchito ma welder ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrode a E7018 kuti alumikize zitsulo zokhuthala monga chitsulo chomangira. Ma electrode a E7018 amapanganso ma weld amphamvu okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri (ngakhale nyengo yozizira) ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zitsulo za kaboni, zitsulo za kaboni wambiri, zitsulo zochepa kapena zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri.
● Ma electrode a E7024 ali ndi ufa wambiri wachitsulo womwe umathandiza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma depositi. Ogwiritsa ntchito ma weld ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrode a E7024 pa ma weld othamanga kwambiri opingasa kapena a flat fillet. Ma electrode awa amagwira ntchito bwino pa chitsulo chomwe chili ndi makulidwe osachepera 1/4-inch. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pazitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi makulidwe opitilira 1/2-inch.
5. Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji electrode yomatira?
Choyamba, sankhani electrode yomata yomwe ikugwirizana ndi mphamvu ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo choyambira. Mwachitsanzo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chofewa, nthawi zambiri electrode iliyonse ya E60 kapena E70 imagwira ntchito.
Kenako, gwirizanitsani mtundu wa elekitirodi ndi malo olumikizira magetsi ndipo ganizirani gwero lamagetsi lomwe likupezeka. Kumbukirani, ma elekitirodi ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi DC kapena AC yokha, pomwe ma elekitirodi ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi DC ndi AC zonse ziwiri.
Unikani kapangidwe ka cholumikizira ndi kuyikapo ndikusankha electrode yomwe ingapereke mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri olowera (kukumba, pakati kapena kopepuka). Mukamagwira ntchito pa cholumikizira chokhala ndi cholumikizira cholimba kapena chomwe sichili chopindika, ma electrode monga E6010 kapena E6011 amapereka ma arc okumba kuti atsimikizire kulowa kokwanira. Pazinthu zopyapyala kapena ma arc okhala ndi mizu yayikulu, sankhani electrode yokhala ndi arc yopepuka kapena yofewa monga E6013.
Kuti mupewe kusweka kwa weld pazinthu zokhuthala, zolemera komanso/kapena mapangidwe ovuta a malumikizano, sankhani electrode yokhala ndi ductility yayikulu. Ganiziraninso momwe ntchito yomwe gawoli lidzakumane nayo komanso zofunikira zomwe liyenera kukwaniritsa. Kodi lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo otentha pang'ono, kutentha kwambiri kapena malo odzaza ndi shock? Pa ntchito izi, electrode yotsika ya hydrogen E7018 imagwira ntchito bwino.
Komanso ganizirani momwe ntchito ikuyendera bwino. Mukagwira ntchito pamalo osalala, ma electrode okhala ndi ufa wambiri wachitsulo, monga E7014 kapena E7024, amapereka kuchuluka kwa ma deposition.
Pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri, nthawi zonse yang'anani zomwe zafotokozedwa mu welding ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtundu wa electrode.
6. Kodi kusuntha kozungulira electrode yolumikizira ndodo kumagwira ntchito yanji?
Ma electrode onse omatira amakhala ndi ndodo yozunguliridwa ndi chophimba chotchedwa flux, chomwe chimagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika. Ndi flux, kapena chophimba, pa electrode chomwe chimalamulira komwe ndi momwe electrode ingagwiritsidwire ntchito.
Pamene arc ikamenyedwa, flux imayaka ndipo imapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zovuta. Pamene zosakaniza za flux zikuyaka mu arc yolumikizira, zimatulutsa mpweya woteteza kuti dziwe losungunula la weld litetezedwe ku zinthu zodetsa mpweya. Dziwe lolumikizira likazizira, flux imapanga slag kuti iteteze chitsulo cholumikizira ku okosijeni ndikuletsa ming'alu mu weld bead.
Flux ilinso ndi zinthu zopangitsa kuti arc ikhale yolimba (makamaka polumikiza ndi gwero lamagetsi la AC), pamodzi ndi ma alloy omwe amapatsa weld mphamvu yolimba komanso mphamvu yokoka.
Ma electrode ena amagwiritsa ntchito flux yokhala ndi ufa wambiri wachitsulo kuti athandize kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma deoxidizer, pomwe ena ali ndi ma deoxidizer owonjezera omwe amagwira ntchito ngati zotsukira ndipo amatha kulowa m'zipinda zogwirira ntchito zomwe zawonongeka kapena zodetsedwa kapena muyeso wa mphero.
7. Kodi electrode yokhala ndi ndodo yolumikizira kwambiri iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
Ma electrode okwera kwambiri oikamo zinthu angathandize kumaliza ntchito mwachangu, koma ma electrode awa ali ndi zoletsa. Ufa wowonjezera wachitsulo womwe uli mu ma electrode awa umapangitsa dziwe losungunula kukhala lonyowa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma electrode okwera kwambiri sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zomwe sizili pamalo ake.
Sizingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pazinthu zofunika kwambiri kapena zofunikira pa ma code, monga chotengera choponderezera kapena kupanga boiler, komwe mikanda yolumikizira imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Ma electrode okhala ndi malo ambiri ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa ntchito zosafunikira kwenikweni, monga kulumikiza thanki yosungiramo madzi yosavuta kapena zidutswa ziwiri zachitsulo chosapangidwa pamodzi.
8. Kodi njira yoyenera yosungira ndi kuumitsa ma electrode a ndodo ndi iti?
Malo otentha komanso onyowa pang'ono ndi malo abwino kwambiri osungira ma electrode omata. Mwachitsanzo, ma electrode ambiri achitsulo chofewa, otsika a hydrogen E7018 amafunika kusungidwa kutentha pakati pa madigiri 250 ndi 300 Fahrenheit.
Kawirikawiri, kutentha kokonzanso ma electrode kumakhala kokwera kuposa kutentha kosungirako, zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa chinyezi chochulukirapo. Kuti mukonzenso ma electrode otsika a hydrogen E7018 omwe takambirana pamwambapa, malo okonzanso amakhala pakati pa madigiri 500 mpaka 800 F kwa ola limodzi kapena awiri.
Ma electrode ena, monga E6011, amangofunika kusungidwa mouma kutentha kwa chipinda, komwe kumatanthauzidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kosapitirira 70 peresenti kutentha pakati pa madigiri 40 ndi 120 F.
Kuti mudziwe nthawi yeniyeni yosungiramo ndi kukonzanso zinthu komanso kutentha, nthawi zonse onani malangizo a wopanga.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-23-2022