Mukudabwa momwe mungasankhire ndodo zowotcherera zolondola kuti mugwiritse ntchito?
Pezani mayankho ku mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi okhudza ma elekitirodi a ndodo.
Kaya ndinu DIYer yemwe amamatira ma welds kangapo pachaka kapena katswiri wowotcherera tsiku lililonse, chinthu chimodzi ndi chotsimikizika: Kuwotcherera ndodo kumafuna luso lambiri.Pamafunikanso kudziwa zambiri za ma electrode a ndodo (omwe amatchedwanso ndodo zowotcherera).
Chifukwa zosinthika monga njira zosungira, ma electrode diameter ndi mawonekedwe a flux zonse zimathandizira kusankha ndodo ndi magwiridwe antchito, kudzikonzekeretsa nokha ndi chidziwitso choyambira kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa chisokonezo ndikuwonetsetsa bwino kuwotcherera ndodo.
1. Kodi maelekitirodi odziwika kwambiri ndi ndodo ndi ati?
Mazana, kapena masauzande, a ma elekitirodi a ndodo alipo, koma otchuka kwambiri amagwera mu American Welding Society (AWS) A5.1 Mafotokozedwe a Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding.Izi zikuphatikizapo E6010, E6011, E6012, E6013, E7014, E7024 ndi E7018 electrodes.
2. Kodi magulu a electrode a AWS amatanthauza chiyani?
Kuti athandizire kuzindikira ma elekitirodi a ndodo, AWS imagwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe kokhazikika.Magulu amatenga mawonekedwe a manambala ndi zilembo zosindikizidwa m'mbali mwa maelekitirodi a ndodo, ndipo chilichonse chimayimira ma elekitirodi enieni.
Kwa maelekitirodi achitsulo ofatsa omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, nayi momwe dongosolo la AWS limagwirira ntchito:
● Chilembo “E” chimasonyeza electrode.
● Manambala awiri oyambirira amaimira mphamvu ya weld, yomwe imayesedwa mu mapaundi pa inchi imodzi (psi).Mwachitsanzo, nambala 70 mu electrode E7018 imasonyeza kuti electrode idzatulutsa mkanda wowotcherera ndi mphamvu yocheperapo ya 70,000 psi.
● Nambala yachitatu imayimira malo owotcherera omwe electrode ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, 1 imatanthawuza kuti electrode ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo onse ndipo 2 imatanthauza kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazitsulo zowotcherera komanso zopingasa zokha.
● Nambala yachinayi imayimira mtundu wa zokutira ndi mtundu wa kuwotcherera panopa (AC, DC kapena zonse ziwiri) zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi electrode.
3. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ma elekitirodi a E6010, E6011, E6012 ndi E6013 ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
● Ma electrode a E6010 angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi magwero amphamvu apano (DC).Amapereka kulowa mwakuya ndikutha kukumba dzimbiri, mafuta, utoto ndi dothi.Owotcherera mapaipi ambiri odziwa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi amtundu wonsewo powotcherera mizu pa chitoliro.Komabe, ma elekitirodi a E6010 amakhala ndi arc yolimba kwambiri, yomwe imatha kuwapangitsa kukhala ovuta kwa ma welder oyambira kugwiritsa ntchito.
● E6011 ma elekitirodi angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuwotcherera malo onse ntchito alternating panopa (AC) kuwotcherera gwero mphamvu.Mofanana ndi ma elekitirodi a E6010, ma elekitirodi a E6011 amapanga arc yakuya, yolowera yomwe imadula zitsulo zowonongeka kapena zodetsedwa.Owotcherera ambiri amasankha ma elekitirodi a E6011 kuti akonze ndi kukonza ntchito pomwe magetsi a DC sakupezeka.
● Ma elekitirodi a E6012 amagwira ntchito bwino m'malo omwe amafunikira kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa mfundo ziwiri.Owotcherera akatswiri ambiri amasankhanso ma elekitirodi a E6012 opangira ma welds othamanga kwambiri, apano amakono opingasa, koma ma elekitirodi awa amatulutsa mawonekedwe osazama kwambiri komanso slag wandiweyani omwe amafunikira kuyeretsa kowonjezera pambuyo pa kuwotcherera.
● Ma elekitirodi a E6013 amapanga arc yofewa yokhala ndi sipitter yochepa, imapereka malowedwe apakati komanso kukhala ndi slag yosavuta kuchotsedwa.Maelekitirodi amenewa amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera chitsulo choyera, chatsopano.
4. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ma elekitirodi a E7014, E7018 ndi E7024 ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
● Ma elekitirodi a E7014 amatulutsa pafupifupi kulowa m'malo olowa mofanana ndi ma elekitirodi a E6012 ndipo amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo za carbon ndi low-alloy.Ma electrodes a E7014 amakhala ndi ufa wochuluka wachitsulo, womwe umawonjezera kuchuluka kwa matupiko.Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pamayendedwe apamwamba kuposa ma elekitirodi a E6012.
● Ma elekitirodi a E7018 ali ndi mayendedwe okhuthala okhala ndi ufa wambiri ndipo ndi amodzi mwa ma elekitirodi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.Maelekitirodi awa amapanga arc yosalala, yabata yokhala ndi sipitter yaying'ono komanso kulowera kwapakati.Owotcherera ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi a E7018 kuwotcherera zitsulo zokhuthala monga chitsulo chomanga.Ma elekitirodi a E7018 amapanganso ma welds amphamvu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri (ngakhale nyengo yozizira) ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazitsulo za carbon, high-carbon, low-alloy kapena high-mphamvu zitsulo m'munsi mwazitsulo.
● Ma elekitirodi a E7024 ali ndi ufa wambiri wachitsulo womwe umathandiza kuonjezera mitengo ya kuika.Owotcherera ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi a E7024 pamawotchi othamanga kwambiri opingasa kapena osalala.Ma elekitirodi awa amachita bwino pa mbale yachitsulo yomwe imakhala yokhuthala pafupifupi 1/4 inchi.Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazitsulo zomwe zimalemera kuposa 1/2-inch thick.
5. Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji electrode ya ndodo?
Choyamba, sankhani electrode ya ndodo yomwe ikugwirizana ndi mphamvu ndi kapangidwe kazitsulo zoyambira.Mwachitsanzo, pogwira ntchito pazitsulo zofatsa, ma elekitirodi aliwonse a E60 kapena E70 adzagwira ntchito.
Kenako, fanizirani mtundu wa elekitirodi ku malo owotcherera ndikuganiziranso mphamvu yomwe ilipo.Kumbukirani, maelekitirodi ena amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi DC kapena AC, pomwe ma elekitirodi ena amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi DC ndi AC.
Yang'anani mapangidwe ophatikizana ndi kukwanira ndikusankha electrode yomwe ingapereke makhalidwe abwino kwambiri olowera (kukumba, pakati kapena kuwala).Mukamagwira ntchito yolumikizana yokhala ndi zolimba zolimba kapena zomwe sizimapindika, ma elekitirodi monga E6010 kapena E6011 adzapereka ma arcs okumba kuti atsimikizire kulowa mokwanira.Pazida zopyapyala kapena zolumikizira zokhala ndi mizu yotakata, sankhani ma elekitirodi okhala ndi kuwala kapena arc yofewa monga E6013.
Kuti mupewe kuwotcherera pa zinthu zokhuthala, zolemetsa komanso/kapena zophatikiza zovuta, sankhani ma elekitirodi okhala ndi ductility kwambiri.Ganiziraninso za ntchito yomwe gawoli lidzakumana nalo ndi zomwe likuyenera kukwaniritsa.Kodi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pozizira kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri kapena malo odzaza ndi mantha?Pazinthu izi, electrode yotsika ya haidrojeni E7018 imagwira ntchito bwino.
Ganiziraninso luso la kupanga.Mukamagwira ntchito pamalo athyathyathya, maelekitirodi okhala ndi ufa wachitsulo wambiri, monga E7014 kapena E7024, amapereka mitengo yokwera kwambiri.
Pazinthu zovuta, nthawi zonse fufuzani ndondomeko ya kuwotcherera ndi njira zamtundu wa electrode.
6. Kodi kutulutsa kozungulira kwa electrode kumagwira ntchito yanji?
Ma electrode onse a ndodo amakhala ndi ndodo yozunguliridwa ndi zokutira zotchedwa flux, zomwe zimagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika.Ndiko kutulutsa, kapena chophimba, pa electrode yomwe imalongosola komwe ndi momwe electrode ingagwiritsire ntchito.
Arc ikamenyedwa, flux imawotcha ndikupanga zovuta zingapo zamakemikolo.Pamene zosakaniza zowotcherera zimayaka mu welding arc, zimatulutsa mpweya wotchinga kuti uteteze dziwe losungunuka ku zonyansa za mumlengalenga.Pamene dziwe la weld likazizira, flux imapanga slag kuteteza chitsulo chowotcherera ku okosijeni ndi kuteteza porosity mu weld bead.
Flux ilinso ndi zinthu za ionizing zomwe zimapangitsa kuti arc ikhale yokhazikika (makamaka powotcherera ndi gwero lamphamvu la AC), pamodzi ndi ma alloys omwe amapatsa weld ductility komanso mphamvu zamakakokedwe.
Ma elekitirodi ena amagwiritsa ntchito flux yokhala ndi ufa wochuluka wachitsulo kuti athandizire kukulitsa mitengo yoyika, pomwe ena amakhala ndi ma deoxidizer owonjezera omwe amagwira ntchito ngati zoyeretsera ndipo amatha kulowa m'zigawo zokhala ndi dzimbiri kapena zonyansa kapena masikelo amphero.
7. Kodi lekitilodi ya ndodo yapamwamba iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
Ma electrode okwera kwambiri amatha kuthandizira kumaliza ntchito mwachangu, koma ma elekitirodi awa ali ndi malire.Ufa wowonjezera wachitsulo mu maelekitirodi amenewa umapangitsa kuti dziwe la weld likhale lamadzimadzi kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti maelekitirodi oyika kwambiri sangagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga malo omwe alibe.
Sangagwiritsidwenso ntchito pazinthu zovuta kapena zofunikira, monga chotengera chopondereza kapena kupanga boiler, pomwe mikanda yowotcherera imakhala ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu.
Ma elekitirodi apamwamba kwambiri ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri pazinthu zosafunikira, monga kuwotcherera thanki yosavuta yosungiramo madzi kapena zidutswa ziwiri zazitsulo zosapangidwa pamodzi.
8. Kodi njira yoyenera yosungira ndi kuyanikanso ma elekitirodi a ndodo ndi iti?
Malo otentha, otsika chinyezi ndi malo abwino kwambiri osungiramo ma electrode a ndodo.Mwachitsanzo, maelekitirodi ambiri ofatsa a haidrojeni E7018 ayenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwapakati pa 250- ndi 300-degrees Fahrenheit.
Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwa ma electrode ndikokwera kuposa kutentha kosungirako, komwe kumathandiza kuchotsa chinyezi chochulukirapo.Kukonzanso maelekitirodi otsika a haidrojeni E7018 omwe takambirana pamwambapa, malo okonzanso amachokera ku 500 mpaka 800 madigiri F kwa ola limodzi kapena awiri.
Maelekitirodi ena, monga E6011, amangofunika kusungidwa mouma kutentha kwa firiji, komwe kumatanthauzidwa ngati milingo ya chinyezi yosapitirira 70 peresenti pa kutentha kwapakati pa 40 ndi 120 madigiri F.
Pazosungirako ndi kukonzanso nthawi ndi kutentha, nthawi zonse tchulani malingaliro a wopanga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-23-2022